{"id":34982,"date":"2026-10-24T05:33:59","date_gmt":"2026-10-24T08:33:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.mundoebook.cl\/?post_type=product&#038;p=34982"},"modified":"2026-11-02T18:19:41","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T21:19:41","slug":"la-filosofia-de-la-historia","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/wp.mundoebook.cl\/?product=la-filosofia-de-la-historia","title":{"rendered":"La filosof\u00eda de la Historia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La obra hist\u00f3rica del ilustrado Voltaire (1694-1778) se caracteriza, al igual que todos sus escritos, en una exhaustiva y mordaz cr\u00edtica a lo recibido. Desde fecha temprana trabaja en una historia universal que acabar\u00e1 convirti\u00e9ndose en su monumental Ensayo sobre las costumbres y el esp\u00edritu de las naciones, su alternativa al providencialismo que ha constituido el trasfondo de la interpretaci\u00f3n cristiana de la historia desde Orosio, y que en estos tiempos cristalizar\u00e1 en la obra de Bossuet. Si en su conjunto han constituido una teolog\u00eda de la historia, Voltaire va a proponer una filosof\u00eda de la historia, una reflexi\u00f3n que se quiere exclusivamente apoyada en la raz\u00f3n y que sustituye el concepto del cumplimiento del plan divino por el de un progreso inherente a la naturaleza que conducir\u00e1 a una sociedad humana perfecta. Como se\u00f1ala Emilio Lled\u00f3, \u00abEste perfeccionamiento hab\u00eda de realizarse dentro del \u00e1mbito intramundano, cosa que, para Voltaire, no pod\u00eda ser admitido por el cristianismo. El sentido del progreso, dentro de la escatolog\u00eda cristiana, no se abr\u00eda hacia un indeterminado futuro, sino hacia un futuro \u00edntimo y personal, independiente de la historia y el tiempo, y que alcanzaba su m\u00e1s absoluta plenitud, en el momento final de la vida e cada creyente. La idea de progreso ten\u00eda, pues, para Voltaire un sentido mundano y temporal opuesto a la esperanza cristiana.\u00bb Pues bien, en 1765 publica La filosof\u00eda de la historia, a nombre de un difunto (y trasparente) abate Bazin, con pie de imprenta en Ginebra y Amsterdam. Centrado en el mundo antiguo, supone un repaso de las distintas civilizaciones orientales y cl\u00e1sicas, lo que le permite confrontarlas con las tradiciones judeocristiana que son de este modo rechazadas por entero. Presenta su brillantez e ingenio caracter\u00edsticos, pero tambi\u00e9n sus limitaciones: enaltecimiento sin fisuras de un mundo grecorromano mod\u00e9lico que retrata como de\u00edsta, tolerante e ilustrado, y condena sin paliativos de la cultura jud\u00eda, cuyos textos, adem\u00e1s, son falsos. Los argumentos son con frecuencias muy d\u00e9biles aunque ingeniosos, para as\u00ed justificar sus convencimientos: la cultura egipcia debe ser m\u00e1s reciente (y menos interesante) que la caldea o la china; los misterios eleusinos equivalen a la masoner\u00eda; en fin, los intelectuales antiguos son aut\u00e9nticos trasuntos de los actuales ilustrados (hasta en su elitismo)&#8230; En realidad, Voltaire se limita a sustituir la fe trascendente desde la que se quer\u00eda hallar el sentido de los acontecimientos de la historia, por una nueva fe inmanente y secularizada. Pero tambi\u00e9n quiere justificarlos: no ha abandonado un planteamiento teleol\u00f3gico&#8230; La obra tendr\u00e1 una considerable repercusi\u00f3n que se traducir\u00e1 en encendidas pol\u00e9micas, a las que el autor responder\u00e1 con su La D\u00e9fense de mon oncle. Quiz\u00e1s por ello, Voltaire la incluir\u00e1 desde 1769 en el Essai sur les Moeurs et l\u2019Esprit des nations como su Discurso preliminar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Voltaire<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":113586,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"product_brand":[23],"product_cat":[5808,5807,5806,11741],"product_tag":[5856],"class_list":["post-34982","product","type-product","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","product_brand-epub-paradise","product_cat-ebooks","product_cat-epub","product_cat-espanol","product_cat-voltaire","product_tag-filosofia","desktop-align-center","tablet-align-left","mobile-align-center","first","instock","taxable","shipping-taxable","purchasable","product-type-variable"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - 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