{"id":34809,"date":"2026-10-24T05:30:16","date_gmt":"2026-10-24T08:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.mundoebook.cl\/?post_type=product&#038;p=34809"},"modified":"2026-11-02T17:17:48","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T20:17:48","slug":"el-falansterio","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/wp.mundoebook.cl\/?product=el-falansterio","title":{"rendered":"El falansterio"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Las sociedades tradicionales dispon\u00edan con frecuencia de instituciones y valores comunitarios: concejos, gremios, trabajos colectivos en el campo, cofrad\u00edas de todo tipo&#8230; hasta las aut\u00e9nticas rep\u00fablicas colectivistas que eran monasterios y conventos. Pero las transformaciones sociales, econ\u00f3micas y de pensamiento que culminaron en la revoluci\u00f3n industrial y en el liberalismo, pusieron el acento en el individuo, al que se intent\u00f3 desvincular de aquellas agrupaciones pr\u00f3ximas que eran vistas como reaccionarias. Las identidades colectivas se hicieron m\u00e1s abstractas (la naci\u00f3n, el pueblo, la humanidad), y promovieron una participaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s sentimental que real y, por tanto, quedaron vital y pr\u00e1cticamente m\u00e1s alejadas de las personas. Los que rechazaron este nuevo estado de cosas condenaban su individualismo desde dos posturas opuestas: un tradicionalismo a ultranza que idealizaba el viejo mundo en trance de desaparecer, y un socialismo que quer\u00eda crear un mundo nuevo. Estos primeros socialistas eran empresarios, intelectuales y pol\u00edticos que propon\u00edan soluciones dispares para superar los abundantes \u00e1ngulos oscuros de la boyante sociedad capitalista. M\u00e1s tarde, y de modo despectivo, Marx los motejar\u00e1 de ut\u00f3picos para as\u00ed descalificarlos. Entre todos ellos destac\u00f3 el franc\u00e9s Charles Fourier (1772-1837). Agente de comercio (un trabajo que no le resultaba grato), dedic\u00f3 un ingente esfuerzo a analizar la sociedad desde presupuestos ilustrados. Rechazaba el industrialismo, el crecimiento urbano y de la poblaci\u00f3n, y el capitalismo comercial, y propuso la que consider\u00f3 una soluci\u00f3n armoniosa: el falansterio. Es una colectividad no excesivamente grande, erigida en en el campo y autosuficiente, que englobar\u00eda todas las actividades productivas: agricultura, industria&#8230; Ahora bien, lo verdaderamente peculiar es el rechazo absoluto a la especializaci\u00f3n, que desde su punto de vista provocaba el hast\u00edo ante trabajos deshumanizadores, y hac\u00eda inevitable la aparici\u00f3n de clases sociales y jerarqu\u00edas. Para evitarlo, todos los miembros del falansterio deber\u00edan dedicar no m\u00e1s de una hora y media seguida a cada una de las treinta o cuarenta tareas diferenciadas en las que deber\u00edan rotar. Fourier detall\u00f3 hasta un grado de precisi\u00f3n llamativo los m\u00e1s nimios detalles de su falansterio: su arquitectura y decoraci\u00f3n, el n\u00famero y horario de las comidas, los repartos de beneficios y remuneraciones (que nunca son por el trabajo concreto hecho, sino como miembros de la comunidad), hasta las cinco horas de sue\u00f1o para los pobres, y cinco y media para los ricos (pues ambos subsisten, aunque tiendan a homogeneizarse)&#8230; Es posible que nos llame la atenci\u00f3n saber que los zapatos durar\u00e1n diez a\u00f1os, que el trabajo ser\u00e1 gratificante, que el comedor colectivo servir\u00e1 mejores platos que los mejores restaurantes de su tiempo, y que la sana emulaci\u00f3n entre los distintos equipos de trabajo ser\u00e1 suficiente para lograr la eficiencia. Ahora bien, cuando descubrimos las tareas que les ser\u00e1n encomendadas a los ni\u00f1os, quiz\u00e1s nos preguntemos si, en lugar de una Utop\u00eda nos encontramos ante el anuncio de las Distop\u00edas que el siglo XX va a llevar a la pr\u00e1ctica&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Charles Fourier<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":113067,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"product_brand":[23],"product_cat":[11176,5808,5807,5806],"product_tag":[5874,5879],"class_list":["post-34809","product","type-product","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","product_brand-epub-paradise","product_cat-charles-fourier","product_cat-ebooks","product_cat-epub","product_cat-espanol","product_tag-ciencias-sociales","product_tag-historia","desktop-align-center","tablet-align-left","mobile-align-center","first","instock","taxable","shipping-taxable","purchasable","product-type-variable"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - 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