A partir del fragmento \u00abSue\u00f1o de Escipi\u00f3n\u00bb del tratado ciceroniano Sobre la Rep\u00fablica, Macrobio analiza con una perspectiva neoplat\u00f3nica el enigma del alma, sirvi\u00e9ndose de la astronom\u00eda y la matem\u00e1tica.La Rep\u00fablica de Cicer\u00f3n se perdi\u00f3 casi por completo (mucho despu\u00e9s se recuperar\u00eda parcialmente gracias a un palimpsesto), pero su parte final, conocida como Somnium Scipionis (Sue\u00f1o de Escipi\u00f3n), s\u00ed se conserv\u00f3 junto con el \u00abComentario\u00bb que de ella hizo Macrobio (siglo IV-V d. C.). Cicer\u00f3n relata en el texto un sue\u00f1o de Escipi\u00f3n Emiliano: se le aparece su abuelo Escipi\u00f3n el Africano, quien le revela su destino y el de su pa\u00eds, las recompensas de la virtud en el m\u00e1s all\u00e1, la estructura del universo y el lugar del hombre en \u00e9l. En su \u00abComentario\u00bb Macrobio parte del texto ciceroniano para exponer teor\u00edas de \u00edndole neoplat\u00f3nica sobre los sue\u00f1os, sobre las propiedades m\u00edsticas de los n\u00fameros, la naturaleza del alma, astronom\u00eda y m\u00fasica. Obra encuadrada dentro del enciclopedismo caracter\u00edstico de su tiempo, el \u00abComentario\u00bb constituye un puente entre el pensamiento de la Antig\u00fcedad y el del Medievo. Sus fuentes directas son Plat\u00f3n, Plotino y Porfirio, pero en el comentario se manifiesta toda la ciencia de la Antig\u00fcedad; se inspira en el comentario de Porfirio al Timeo plat\u00f3nico. Y su influencia es abrumadora: aparece en autores como Isidoro de Sevilla, Boecio, el papa Silvestre II, M\u00e1ximo Planudes, Dante, Boccaccio, Bernat Metge y Cervantes, entre otros. Macrobio es uno de los responsables, por ejemplo, de que entre los ge\u00f3grafos medievales persistiera la creencia en la esfericidad de la Tierra, idea que tan importante fue, siglos despu\u00e9s, para el descubrimiento del Nuevo Mundo. La traducci\u00f3n del \u00abSue\u00f1o de Escipi\u00f3n\u00bb ya aparece en el volumen de la Biblioteca Cl\u00e1sica Gredos dedicado a Sobre la Rep\u00fablica de Cicer\u00f3n, por lo que en \u00e9ste s\u00f3lo se incluye el Comentario de Macrobio.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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